As I was traveling across Asia and hanging out in waiting rooms, customs lines, etc., my mind turns to the future, since the present is so dull. In our business you always have to keep wondering "What is the next big thing?". The more I think about it, "Semantics" always seems to bubble up to the top. To be clear, Semantics is the study of meaning. But its much more than that.

Everything old is new again

Note that I did not say Semantics is the next New thing. In fact, The pursuit of "Semantic Technology" is by no means a new pursuit. The earliest research on semantics and computer science/linguistics research dates back to the late 1950s to a Noam Chomsky book entitled Syntactic Structures. An an endeavor, we have been seriously looking at ascribing meaning to objects and concepts since the 1958 arrival of the programming language LISP. So, clearly this is not a new effort. But all of the previous attempts at doing anything meaningful (no pun intended) did not bear practical fruit. from the 1950's to the early 1990's there was a substantial amount of research in Computer Science in these areas, especially machine learning.  But something fundamental has changed. The rise of XML has given us a set of lexemes and syntax with which to scaffold upon to deal with semantics. In essence, we now are heading toward a future where computers have the ability to take away those small, boring decisions we have to make in every day business.

The Search For Meaning

Having a set of words and a syntax doesn't necessarily mean you can derive meaning. There has to be a common understand as well as a common hierarchy of knowledge, known as an ontology. Once you have this, you have the basic abilities to do simple reasoning based on meaning. Now, the Web has been a quantum leap in humanity's ability to gather and find knowledge. But, as Tim Berners-Lee noted in his seminal work The Semantic Web, "the World Wide Web has developed most rapidly as a medium of documents for people". Thus, it limits the Internet to merely sending text and images around. What we need is to augment the web with more information, so more inference can be done by systems, and not people.

Why "Semantics" is Important to Business

Now for the obvious question. Why is all this abstruse research relevant to business? To answer that, you have to go back to first principles. What is enterprise software all about? Automation. Taking people out of the loop. Improving cycle time. Improving responsiveness. So what good is semantics? Consider a workflow in a business. There are a series of steps in the workflow in which some of the steps are done by computers, and some of them are one by people. Most often, the ones done by people, are because some inference or decision has to be made on the incoming document or data. If we begin to augment the information on the web, more of the decisions, and more of the inference-ing, can be done by computers.  This will lead to faster overall completion of workflow, by removing the off-line human element, where possible. This results in saving money and greater productivity, and this is why "semantics" is important to business.

A Partial Bibliography on Semantics and the Semantic Web

• The Semantic Web by Tim Berners-Lee
• The Wikipedia entry on Semantics
• The Wikipedia entry on the Semantic Web
• Syntactic Structures by Noam Chomsky (1957)
• The Semantic Web, in Scientific American, (2001)
• Project SIMILE, Semantic Interoperability of Metadata and Information in unLike Environments
• Richard Manning's Arch2Arch blog
• My other links to Semantic Web info (via del.icio.us. Feel free to add me to your network)

Feel free to post other links if you think they are relevant.

• Altova Reveals Ground-Breaking Semantic Web Development Tool
• How to Use RDFa to Build Semantic Mash-ups
• TopQuadrant Claims Semantic Web Breakthrough
• Mashups and Semantic Mashups
• TopQuadrant's Dean Allemang Discusses Semantic Web on SYS-CON.TV
• Astoria and the Semantic Web